In this lesson, you will learn the following things:
The correct pronunciation of either and neither
The meaning of either and neither
The difference between either and neither
The grammar rules of either and neither
Pronunciation of either
There are 2 ways to pronounce “either“:
Pronunciation 1: /ˈaɪ.ðər/ (most common in the UK)Pronunciation 2: /ˈiː.ðər/ (most common in the USA)
Pronunciation of neither
There are also 2 ways to pronounce “neither“:
Pronunciation 1: /ˈnaɪ.ðər/ (most common in the UK)Pronunciation 2: /ˈniː.ðər/ (most common in the USA)
either + singular countable noun
Meaning: One or the other when there are two things.
Clare: What flavour ice-cream do you want? Chocolate or vanilla?John: Either flavour is fine. Thanks.
Explanation: This means that John doesn’t have a preference. Chocolate flavour is fine. Vanilla is also fine. Notice that the verb “is” is in the singular form. That is because the noun “flavour” is also in the singular form.
either without a noun
Sometimes, we use “either” as a pronoun in a short answer.
Meaning: One or the other when there are two things.
Clare: What flavour ice-cream do you want? Chocolate or vanilla?John: I don’t mind. Either!
Explanation: There is no noun after “either“. We are using “either” as a pronoun. The meaning is the same as the previous example. John has no preference between the available flavours.
either of + plural object pronoun
After “either of“, we can have a plural object pronoun (us, you, them)Meaning: One or the other when there are two things.
David: Do you support Manchester United or Manchester City?Mark: I don’t support either of them! I support Dortmund!
Explanation: Mark doesn’t support Manchester United and he doesn’t support Manchester City.
either of + determiner
We use “either of” before a determiner (the, these / those, possessive adjectives)Form: either of + determiner + plural form of nounMeaning: One or the other when there are two things.
Mark: I don’t like either of those cars.
Explanation: Mark doesn’t like the red car and he doesn’t like the yellow car. “those” is the determiner. Notice that the noun (“cars”) is in the plural form.
either … or ….
Meaning: Express a choice between 2 possibilities.
Father: Either do your homework or go to bed!
Explanation: The father is giving his son 2 choices: Do your homework or go to bed. The first choice comes after “either” and the second choice after “or“.
either = each
“either” means “each” in these 2 expressions:
Expression 1: on either sideMeaning: on each side
There are trees on either side of the road.Explanation: There are trees on each side of the road.
Expression 2: at either endMeaning: at each end
There is a goal at either end of the pitch.Explanation: There is a goal at each end of the pitch.
not …. either
After a first negative, we can add another negative with “not … either“
John: I don’t trust you!Clare: I don’t trust you either! Clare: I don’t trust you also! Clare: I don’t trust you too!
Explanation: John doesn’t trust Clare and Clare doesn’t trust John. For the second negative (by Clare), we use “not …either“.“not … also” and “not … too” are mistakes.
neither + singular countable noun
Meaning: “Neither” is a negative. Not one and not the other when there are two things.
Mark: Can I have an appointment for next Monday or Tuesday?Secretary: Sorry. Neither day is possible.
Explanation: This means that Monday is not possible and Tuesday is not possible. Notice that the verb “is” is in the singular form. That is because the noun “day” is also in the singular form.
neither without a noun
Sometimes, we use “neither” as a pronoun in a short answer.Meaning: Not one and not the other when there are two things.
Clare: What flavour ice-cream do you want? Chocolate or vanilla?John: Neither!
Explanation: There is no noun after “neither“. We are using “neither” as a pronoun. John does not want chocolate and he doesn’t want vanilla.
neither of + plural object pronoun
After “neither of“, we can have a plural object pronoun (us, you, them)Meaning: Not one and not the other when there are two things.Form: “neither of” + object pronoun + verb
The verb takes a singular form in strict English:I visited two houses but neither of them was big enough.
The verb can take a plural form in informal English:I visited two houses but neither of them were big enough.
Explanation: House 1 was not big enough and house 2 was not big enough. In formal English, we use a singular form of the verb. In informal English, we use a plural form of the verb.
neither of + determiner
We use “neither of” before a determiner (the, these / those, possessive adjectives)Meaning: Not one and not the other when there are two things.Form: “neither of” + determiner + plural form of noun + verb
The verb takes a singular form in strict English:Neither of my parents is lazy.
The verb can take a plural form in informal English:Neither of my parents are lazy.
Explanation: My mother is not lazy and my father is not lazy. Notice that the noun (“parents”) is in the plural form. In formal English, we use a singular form of the verb (“is”). In informal English, we use a plural form of the verb (“are”).
neither / nor
We can use “neither” or “nor” as adverbs.Meaning: “also not”
Form: “neither” or “nor” + auxiliary verb (affirmative) + subject
Clare doesn’t drink alcohol and neither does David.Clare doesn’t drink alcohol and nor does David.
Explanation: Clare doesn’t drink alcohol and David doesn’t drink alcohol. For the second negative we use “neither” or “nor“. We then transform the negative auxiliary verb (“doesn’t) into an affirmative (does). The subject (David) is at the end of the sentence.
neither … nor
We use “neither … nor” to connect two or more negative alternatives.
Mark has neither the desire nor the energy to go to the party.
Explanation: Mark does not have the desire to go to the party and he does not have the energy to go to the party.
When singular subjects are connected by “neither … nor“, the verb is usually singular:Neither Clare nor David drinks alcohol.
The verb is plural in a more informal English:Neither Clare nor David drink alcohol.
Explanation: Clare doesn’t drink alcohol and David doesn’t drink alcohol. Clare and David are the singular subjects connected by “neither … nor“. In formal English, we use a singular form of the verb (“drinks” is the 3rd person singular). In informal English, we use a plural form of the verb (“drink” is the 3rd person plural)
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